Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) generates electricity by exploiting the temperature difference between warm surface seawater and cold deep seawater. This temperature gradient is used to drive a heat engine and produce power. OTEC offers continuous, base-load renewable energy, particularly in tropical regions where temperature differences are sufficient year-round. In addition to electricity generation, OTEC systems can support desalination, cooling, and aquaculture applications. OTEC produces minimal environmental emissions but requires significant infrastructure and capital investment. Technological advancements aim to improve efficiency and reduce costs. Ocean thermal energy conversion has strong potential to contribute to sustainable marine energy systems and long-term clean power generation.
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