Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) technology generates electricity by exploiting the temperature difference between warm surface seawater and cold deep ocean water. This temperature gradient is used to drive a heat engine, typically operating in a closed or open thermodynamic cycle. OTEC technology offers continuous, base-load renewable power, unlike intermittent solar or wind energy. In addition to electricity, OTEC systems can produce freshwater, support aquaculture, and provide cooling services. Challenges include high capital costs, complex offshore infrastructure, and efficiency limitations. Ongoing research focuses on improving heat exchanger materials, system efficiency, and deployment strategies. OTEC technology holds significant potential for tropical and subtropical regions and contributes to sustainable marine energy development.
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