Salinity gradient energy, also known as osmotic power, is generated from the chemical potential difference between freshwater and seawater. This energy is harvested at locations where rivers meet the ocean using technologies such as pressure-retarded osmosis and reverse electrodialysis. Salinity gradient energy is a clean, renewable, and continuous energy source with minimal visual impact. It produces no direct greenhouse gas emissions and can operate day and night. Challenges include membrane performance, system efficiency, and cost. Ongoing research focuses on improving materials and scalability. Salinity gradient energy offers a promising opportunity to expand marine renewable energy portfolios and support sustainable power generation.
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