Synthetic fuels and biofuels provide renewable and low-carbon alternatives to conventional petroleum fuels. Synthetic fuels are produced by combining hydrogen with captured carbon dioxide, while biofuels are derived from biomass feedstocks. These fuels can be used in existing engines and infrastructure, making them attractive for aviation, shipping, and heavy transport. Biofuels such as bioethanol, biodiesel, and advanced biofuels reduce lifecycle emissions when sustainably produced. Synthetic fuels enable carbon recycling and long-term energy storage. Both fuel types support decarbonization of hard-to-electrify sectors and improve energy security. Continued research focuses on improving efficiency, reducing costs, and ensuring sustainability.
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